diff --git a/.buildkite/README.md b/.buildkite/README.md
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index 000000000..a40569071
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+++ b/.buildkite/README.md
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+# Buildkite CI
+
+The Garden Buildkite integration stores a bare `buildkite-agent pipeline
+upload`, so the agent finds `pipeline.yml` by its default name. The integration
+makes one pipeline per repo, so all suites land in the same build.
+
+## Cache volumes and artifacts
+
+A **cache volume** carries state between builds. It is an input: content that a
+step needs, but that the repo does not contain. Volume names are scoped to the
+pipeline.
+
+An **artifact** is a file that one build produces. It is an output: evidence for
+a person to read in the Buildkite UI. The agent uploads artifacts whatever the
+exit code of the step, so a failed step still reports its results.
+
+The visual suite uses both. The volume `visual-snapshots` holds the baseline
+images, which are gitignored and exist nowhere else. `artifact_paths` uploads
+the actual, expected, and diff images that a failed comparison writes. The two
+cannot be swapped: a volume is not visible in the UI, and an artifact does not
+persist as an input to the next build.
+
+## One writer per volume
+
+A job does not read its volume in place. It gets a private copy at start. That
+copy becomes the version that the next job sees, but only when the job exits 0.
+Every successful job is therefore a writer, whether or not it changed a file.
+
+Two consequences follow.
+
+Keep the volume names distinct across the uploaded files. A step that commits a
+version discards what a concurrent step wrote to the same volume. This is why
+`rust.yml` gives test, doc, and lint a separate volume each.
+
+The visual suite keeps exactly one writer. `master` updates the baselines, and
+`concurrency: 1` serializes the group. Other branches always exit non-zero, so
+Buildkite discards their copy and no branch can republish a stale baseline set.
+The branch step then cannot use the exit code to report the test result, so two
+codes carry both: 100 means no differences, which `soft_fail` keeps green, and
+any other non-zero code fails the build. An annotation reports the outcome in
+both cases.
+
+## Docker images
+
+Two images cover all Node steps:
+
+- `node:24-bookworm` tracks the major version in `.nvmrc` and the `engines`
+  field in `package.json`.
+- `mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.61.1-noble` ships the browsers at
+  `/ms-playwright`, so no step installs them. The tag must match
+  `@playwright/test` in `package.json`. Playwright refuses browsers built for
+  another version.
+
+Node steps use no cache volume. Cache paths are relative to the step working
+directory, and the agent home is not visible inside a container, so npm
+downloads its dependencies on every run. The Rust steps run on the agent
+instead, so their `~`-rooted paths work.
diff --git a/.buildkite/e2e.yml b/.buildkite/e2e.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff6bd4aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.buildkite/e2e.yml
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+# No explicit build step: tests/support/globalSetup.ts runs `npm run build` in
+# parallel with fixture creation, and asserts the pinned rad and radicle-httpd
+# versions are on PATH.
+
+env:
+  CI: "true"
+
+steps:
+  - label: "🎭 e2e"
+    key: e2e
+    timeout_in_minutes: 30
+    artifact_paths:
+      - "tests/artifacts/**/*"
+    plugins:
+      # Ships the browsers at /ms-playwright, so nothing here installs them. The
+      # tag must match @playwright/test in package.json — Playwright refuses
+      # browsers built for another version.
+      - docker#v5.14.0:
+          image: "mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.61.1-noble"
+          # Chromium exhausts Docker's default 64MB /dev/shm.
+          ipc: host
+          environment:
+            - CI
+    commands:
+      - npm ci
+      # The image ships no decompressors: install-binaries unpacks .tar.xz
+      # releases, and the repo fixtures are .tar.bz2 archives.
+      - apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y -qq xz-utils bzip2
+      - mkdir -p tests/artifacts
+      - ./scripts/install-binaries
+      - npm run test:e2e -- --project chromium
diff --git a/.buildkite/node-checks.yml b/.buildkite/node-checks.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0dbcff56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.buildkite/node-checks.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# No cache volume: cache paths are relative to the step working directory, and
+# the agent's home is not visible inside a container, so npm downloads its
+# dependencies on every run.
+
+env:
+  CI: "true"
+
+__defs:
+  # Tracks the major version in .nvmrc and the engines field in package.json.
+  node_image: &node_image
+    docker#v5.14.0:
+      image: "node:24-bookworm"
+      environment:
+        - CI
+
+  # Ships the browsers at /ms-playwright, which is why no step installs them.
+  # The tag must match @playwright/test in package.json — Playwright refuses to
+  # run against browsers built for another version.
+  playwright_image: &playwright_image
+    docker#v5.14.0:
+      image: "mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.61.1-noble"
+      # Chromium exhausts Docker's default 64MB /dev/shm.
+      ipc: host
+      environment:
+        - CI
+
+steps:
+  - label: "🔎 check"
+    key: check
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    plugins:
+      - *node_image
+    commands:
+      - npm ci
+      - npm run check
+
+  - label: "🧪 unit-tests"
+    key: unit-tests
+    timeout_in_minutes: 10
+    plugins:
+      - *node_image
+    commands:
+      - npm ci
+      - npm run test:unit
+
+  # The http-client suite talks to a real radicle-httpd, so it needs the pinned
+  # binaries on PATH even though it runs under vitest rather than Playwright.
+  - label: "🔌 http-client-tests"
+    key: http-client-tests
+    timeout_in_minutes: 15
+    artifact_paths:
+      - "tests/artifacts/**/*"
+    plugins:
+      - *node_image
+    commands:
+      - npm ci
+      - mkdir -p tests/artifacts
+      - ./scripts/install-binaries
+      - npm run test:http-client:unit
+
+  # playwright.buildSmoke.config.ts sets globalSetup to undefined, so this step
+  # needs a browser but no Radicle binaries or fixtures.
+  - label: "🏗 build-smoke"
+    key: build-smoke
+    timeout_in_minutes: 30
+    artifact_paths:
+      - "tests/artifacts/**/*"
+    plugins:
+      - *playwright_image
+    commands:
+      - npm ci
+      - npm run build
+      - npm run test:e2e -- --project chromium --config playwright.buildSmoke.config.ts
diff --git a/.buildkite/pipeline.yml b/.buildkite/pipeline.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..612b33253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.buildkite/pipeline.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Entry point for CI. garden-broker stores a bare `buildkite-agent pipeline
+# upload` as the server-side configuration, so the agent looks for this file by
+# its default name. The other files here are uploaded from below.
+#
+# The broker creates exactly one Buildkite pipeline per Radicle repo, so every
+# suite lands in this single build. Keep cache volume names distinct across the
+# uploaded files: volumes are scoped to the pipeline, and a step that commits a
+# volume version discards what a concurrent step wrote to the same volume.
+
+steps:
+  - label: ":pipeline: upload"
+    commands:
+      - buildkite-agent pipeline upload .buildkite/node-checks.yml
+      - buildkite-agent pipeline upload .buildkite/e2e.yml
+      - buildkite-agent pipeline upload .buildkite/visual.yml
+      - buildkite-agent pipeline upload .buildkite/rust.yml
diff --git a/.buildkite/rust.yml b/.buildkite/rust.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd9c66043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.buildkite/rust.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# CI for the Rust workspace (crates/radicle-httpd, crates/radicle-search).
+#
+# Each step gets its own named cache volume. Clippy, test, and doc each produce a
+# different target directory, and a shared volume would let whichever step
+# commits last discard the other two, forcing a near-full rebuild every build.
+#
+# These steps run on the agent rather than in a container, so ~-rooted cache
+# paths work. The toolchain version is not pinned here: rustup reads
+# ./rust-toolchain.
+#
+# Every step needs network access to seed.radicle.dev as well as crates.io — the
+# workspace patches radicle-job to a git dependency served from a Radicle seed.
+
+env:
+  CI: "true"
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: "always"
+
+__defs:
+  install_rust: &install_rust |
+    export PATH="$$HOME/.cargo/bin:$$PATH"
+    export CARGO_TARGET_DIR="$$HOME/.cache/cargo-target"
+    if ! command -v rustup >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      curl -fsSL https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --no-modify-path --profile minimal
+    fi
+    rustup component add rustfmt clippy
+    rustc --version
+
+  cargo_cache: &cargo_cache
+    - "~/.cargo"
+    - "~/.rustup"
+    - "~/.cache/cargo-target"
+
+steps:
+  # RUSTFLAGS is set on the build only, not on the test run.
+  - label: "🦀 test"
+    key: test
+    timeout_in_minutes: 30
+    cache:
+      name: rust-test
+      paths: *cargo_cache
+    commands:
+      - *install_rust
+      - RUSTFLAGS="-D warnings" cargo build --workspace --all-features
+      - cargo test --workspace --all-features
+      - cargo test -p radicle-httpd
+
+  - label: "📚 doc"
+    key: doc
+    timeout_in_minutes: 30
+    cache:
+      name: rust-doc
+      paths: *cargo_cache
+    commands:
+      - *install_rust
+      - RUSTDOCFLAGS="-D warnings" cargo doc --workspace --all-features
+
+  - label: "🦀 lint"
+    key: lint
+    timeout_in_minutes: 30
+    cache:
+      name: rust-lint
+      paths: *cargo_cache
+    commands:
+      - *install_rust
+      - RUSTFLAGS="-D warnings" cargo clippy --workspace --all-features --tests
+      - cargo fmt --all -- --check
diff --git a/.buildkite/visual.yml b/.buildkite/visual.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df34ccf12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.buildkite/visual.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# Visual snapshot tests.
+#
+# tests/visual/snapshots is gitignored, so the baselines live only in this cache
+# volume. Master updates them with --update-snapshots; every other branch
+# compares against them.
+#
+# A job does not read the volume in place: it gets a private copy at start, and
+# that copy becomes the version the next job sees if the job exits 0. So every
+# successful job is a writer, whether or not it changed a file. The two steps
+# below therefore keep exactly one writer:
+#
+#   - Master updates the snapshots and commits, serialized by `concurrency: 1`
+#     so two master builds cannot overwrite each other.
+#   - Branches compare, and always exit non-zero so their copy is thrown away.
+#     They need this even though they do not update the snapshots: without
+#     --update-snapshots the mode is `missing`, under which Playwright still
+#     writes a baseline that does not exist yet. A branch therefore needs no
+#     concurrency limit, and any number of branch builds can run at once.
+
+env:
+  CI: "true"
+
+steps:
+  - label: "📸 visual update snapshots"
+    key: visual-update-snapshots
+    branches: "master"
+    timeout_in_minutes: 30
+    # One writer at a time. Buildkite runs a concurrency group in the order the
+    # jobs were created, so the newest master build commits last.
+    concurrency: 1
+    concurrency_group: "radicle-explorer/visual-snapshots"
+    cache:
+      name: visual-snapshots
+      paths:
+        - "tests/visual/snapshots"
+    artifact_paths:
+      - "tests/artifacts/**/*.png"
+    plugins:
+      # The image ships WebKit as well as Chromium, which this suite needs: the
+      # visual-mobile project uses the iPhone 13 Mini device descriptor, whose
+      # defaultBrowserType is webkit. The tag must match @playwright/test in
+      # package.json — Playwright refuses browsers built for another version.
+      - &playwright_docker
+        docker#v5.14.0:
+          image: "mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.61.1-noble"
+          # Chromium exhausts Docker's default 64MB /dev/shm.
+          ipc: host
+          # buildkite-agent annotate runs inside the container.
+          mount-buildkite-agent: true
+          environment:
+            - CI
+    commands:
+      - npm ci
+      # The image ships no decompressors: install-binaries unpacks .tar.xz
+      # releases, and the repo fixtures are .tar.bz2 archives.
+      - apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y -qq xz-utils bzip2
+      - mkdir -p tests/artifacts
+      - ./scripts/install-binaries
+      # No `|| true` here: --update-snapshots reports a re-generated snapshot as
+      # a pass, so a non-zero exit means the run itself broke. Failing is then
+      # what we want, because only a job that exits 0 commits a volume version,
+      # and a run that died halfway would publish a half-written baseline set.
+      # The visual projects set retries: 0, so one flaky test skips the update
+      # until the next push to master.
+      - npm run test:e2e -- --project visual-desktop visual-mobile --update-snapshots
+
+  - label: "📸 visual"
+    key: visual
+    branches: "!master"
+    timeout_in_minutes: 30
+    # No concurrency limit: this job never commits a volume version.
+    #
+    # The job must always exit non-zero to discard its copy of the volume, so
+    # the exit code cannot also report whether the tests passed. Two codes carry
+    # both: 100 means no differences, and soft_fail keeps the build green.
+    # Anything else fails the build — a real difference, but also a broken
+    # npm ci or a crashed browser. 100 is a sentinel that no tool in this step
+    # produces, so only the success path below is soft.
+    soft_fail:
+      - exit_status: 100
+    cache:
+      name: visual-snapshots
+      paths:
+        - "tests/visual/snapshots"
+    artifact_paths:
+      - "tests/artifacts/**/*.png"
+    plugins:
+      - *playwright_docker
+    commands:
+      - npm ci
+      - apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y -qq xz-utils bzip2
+      - mkdir -p tests/artifacts
+      - ./scripts/install-binaries
+      # Both paths exit non-zero, so Buildkite discards this job's copy of the
+      # volume. A zero exit would revert an update that master committed while
+      # this job ran, and would also publish any baseline this run wrote itself
+      # for a screenshot that has none yet.
+      - |
+        if npm run test:e2e -- --project visual-desktop visual-mobile; then
+          buildkite-agent annotate "📸 visual: no differences" \
+            --style success --context visual
+          exit 100
+        else
+          buildkite-agent annotate "📸 visual: differences found, see the uploaded images" \
+            --style warning --context visual
+          exit 1
+        fi